CONNAISSEZ-VOUS LES ROIS DU MALI ?
antisharia.com
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Posted: 02 Feb 2013
First,about Sundiata Keita(about 1217 – about 1255)?
He was the founder of the Mali Empire in Africa, which lasted from 1235 to 1610 and the first “mansa / King of Kings”. Sundiata is the King Arthur of West Africa.Read this article about him:
“The Claim that Sundiata(circa 1217-died circa 1255),Founder of the Mali Empire in West Africa,was a Muslim,is False”
http://www.antisharia.com/
Who was Musa/(Moses in Arabic) I (1280-1337), commonly referred to as Mansa Musa/”King of kings”Moses?
1.He was the tenth mansa, which translates as “king of kings” or “emperor”, of the Mali Empire.
2.The Mali empire was the biggest empire created by an African and the size of the Roman empire,with its capital at Timbuctu,a famous city for many centuries.It was in northwest Africa.
3.The wealth of the empire came from its gold mines and Mansa Musa was one of the wealthiest rulers of his day.
How Mansa Musa became king
What is known about the kings of the Mali Empire is taken from the writings of Arab scholars, including Al-Umari, Abu-sa’id Uthman ad-Dukkali, Ibn Khaldun(1332-1406) the founder of sociology,and Ibn Battuta. According to Ibn-Khaldun’s comprehensive history of the Mali kings,called “Kitab al-lbar (Book of Exemplars)” Mansa Musa’s grandfather was Abu-Bakr, a brother of Sundiata Keita, the founder of the Mali empire as recorded in oral histories. Abu-Bakr did not later become king,nor did his son, Musa’s father, Faga Laye.
Mansa Gao was one of two sons of Kolonkan. Kolonkan was a sister of the legendary founder of the Mali Empire,Sundiata Keita(reigned 1230-1255).Gao was mansa/”king of kings “of the Mali Empire around 1300.He was succeeded by his son Mohamed ibn Gao,who ruled till being succeeded by his uncle, Abubakari II,who was a grandson of a daughter of the great ruler Sundiata.And he was suceeded by Mansa Musa.
Mansa Musa came to the throne through a practice of appointing a deputy when a king went on his pilgrimage to Mecca or some other endeavor, and later naming the deputy as heir. Musa was appointed deputy of the king before him, who had left on an expedition to explore the limits of the Atlantic ocean, and never returned.
Abubakari II sails on the AtlanticAn Egyptian scholar, Ibn Fadl Al-Umari, published “Masalik ab Absar fi Mamalik al Amsar” in Cairo around 1342. In the tenth chapter of this work, there is an account of two large maritime voyages ordered by the predecessor of Mansa Musa, a king who inherited the Mali throne in 1312. When Mansa Musa visited Cairo on his way to Mecca in 1324 he told the story.This mariner king is not named by Al-Umari, but modern writers identify him as Abubakari II.Some even say Abubakari reached America.
The amazing account of a sea voyage by a Mali king.Abubakari II, who never returned
Here is what Al-Umari wrote that Mansa Musa had declared:
“The ruler who preceded me(Note:Mansa Musa) did not believe that it was impossible to reach the extremity of the ocean that encircles the earth (meaning the Atlantic). He wanted to reach that (end) and was determined to pursue his plan.”
The first sea voyage sent across the Atlantic
“So he equipped 200 boats full of men, and many others full of gold, water and provisions sufficient for several years.
He ordered the captain not to return until they had reached the other end of the ocean, or until he had exhausted the provisions and water. So they set out on their journey.
They were absent for a long period, and, at last just one boat returned.
When questioned the captain replied: “O Prince, we navigated for a long period, until we saw in the midst of the ocean a great river flowing massively. My boat was the last one; others were ahead of me, and they were drowned in the great whirlpool and never came out again. I sailed back to escape this current.”"
The second voyage across the Atlantic,in which the king participated
“But the Sultan would not believe him. He ordered 2,000 boats to be equipped for him and his men, and 1,000 more for water and provisions. Then he conferred the regency on me for the term of his absence, and departed with his men, never to return nor to give a sign of life.”
Mansa Musa’s Pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324
It is one of the five pillars of Islam and is obligatory for all Muslims,if they have the money.The pilgrimage was,according to what is written,a grand affair:
1.He made it in 1324 and included 60,000 men.
2.Of which 12,000 were slaves who all carried 4 pound gold bars.
3.There were heralds dressed in silks who carried gold staffs.
4.There were also 80 camels, which varying reports claim carried between 50 and 300 pounds of gold dust each.He gave away the gold to the poor he met along his route.Also it has been recorded that he built a mosque each and every Friday.
Mansa Musa’s generous distribution of gold ruined the region’s economy
Musa is known to have visited with the Mamluk sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad of Egypt in July 1324.Musa gave free gold everywhere and devastated the economy of the region. In the cities of Cairo, Medina and Mecca, the sudden influx of gold devalued the metal for the next decade. Prices on goods and wares super inflated in an attempt to adjust to the new amount of gold.
Other details about his rule
1.It is recorded that Mansa Musa traveled through the cities of Timbuktu and Gao on his way to Mecca, and made them a part of his empire when he returned around 1325.
2.The University of Sankore in Timbuctu was constructed during his reign and it became a famous center of learning.
3.He also built a grand palace in Timbuktu and the great Djinguereber Mosque that still stands today.Timbuktu soon became a center of trade, culture, and Islam.The date of the death of Mansa Musa is highly debated among modern historians,there are different accounts.
About those who really did reach America before Columbus
1.Recently dug chicken bones on the coast of Chile have been dated to around the year 1400.
2.Their DNA matched chicken breeds of Polynesia. The bones also were close to that of the Polynesian chicken breed rather than any European breed.
3.The bones were found in an archaeological site called El Arenal (south Chilean coast).Previously, it was thought the local Araucana chicken breed had been brought by Spanish settlers after 1500 but the carbon dating of the ancient chicken places them anywhere from 1304 to 1424.
The sweet potato among the Polynesians:another proof the Polynesians reached South America
1.The potato (including the sweet potato)is not native to Polynesia but it comes from the Andes of South America.Yet the Polynesians had it more than 1,000 years ago,a long time before the Europeans arrived in South America.
2.Studies indicate the seed of the potato can’t survive floating on the sea to an island nor is it carried by birds.
3.In Polynesian the word for sweet potato is “kumara” and there is a Ecuadorian tribe that calls the sweet potato “kumara”.
More about the Polynesians
1.They were a people who only used stone tools.
2.In their amazing voyages they never used a compass but the stars and the wind.
3.They were illiterate,except in Rapa Nui/Easter Island,where they created a writing system called Rongo-Rongo,which was almost certainly inspired by contact with Spaniards in the later 18th century.
Polynesians started their migration from the big islands of Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra) about 3,000 years ago. They gradually went eastward, but were never thought to have traveled further than Easter Island, about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from the coast of Chile.
Many researchers now think it likely that Polynesians reached South America by about 1200, after the settlement of Easter Island.They had reached New Zealand around 1000 AD,the legend is that an octopus stole the fish of a Polynesian fisherman,who was so angry that he chased the octopus all the way to New Zealand and killed it.Then he returned to his island and told people of that new land.
Viking shipThe Sagas are prose accounts of Scandinavian history,and sometimes legends.They are in the Scandinavian language of 1,000 years ago and that language is still spoken by the 300,000 people of Iceland,it is a petrified language,not having changed in Iceland.It was once also the same language of Denmark,Norway and Sweden but they have changed so much there that people there can only read the sagas in translation.
According to the Sagas of the Icelanders, Vikings from Iceland first settled Greenland in the 980s. A man called Eric the Red(he had red hair) had been banished from Iceland for manslaughter,and discovered Greenland.He gave it that name to attract settlers.Later he returned to Iceland and left with 2,000-3,000 settlers for Greenland.At its peak, the colony consisted of two settlements, with a population of 3,000-5,000 and lasted about 450 years till it disappeared in the late 15th century.
The Sagas also tell of the Viking discovery of America
In 985 while sailing from Iceland to Greenland with a fleet of of 400-700 settlers a merchant named Bjarni Herjólfsson was blown off course, and after three days’ sailing he sighted land in the west. Bjarni was only interested in finding his father’s farm, but he described his discovery to Leif Ericson,son of Eric the Red,discoverer of Greenland, who explored the area in more detail and planted a small settlement fifteen years later in 1000 AD.
The new Viking town in Vinland,America
The Vikings called it Vinland.In Old Norse, there are different meanings for the word “vin” depending on whether a short i or long í is used. A long í in the word “vin” means “wine,” while a short i means “pasture” or “meadow land.” So Vinland can mean “Land of Wine” or “Land of Meadows”.
Finally in the 1960s it was proved beyong a dout that the Viking sagas were true,their settlement was excavated at L’Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland,Canada by archaeologists Anne Stine Ingstad and Helge Ingstad.
Mansa Musa and the mosque of TimbuctuSlavery has existed hundreds of years among non-Muslims Africans but the Koran approves of it.
The Koran does allow Freeing Slaves but make it Conditional
If the master thinks the slave deserves it he frees a slave.
Chapter 24:33:
“And let those who find not the means to marry be abstinent till God enriches them of His bounty.
1.Those your right hands own (Note:slaves) who seek emancipation, contract with them accordingly
2.If you know some good in them (Note:if you think the slave deserves freedom)
And give them of the wealth of God that He has given you. And constrain not your slave-girls to prostitution, if they desire to live in chastity, that you may seek the chance goods of the present life. Whosoever constrains them, surely God, after their being constrained, is All-forgiving, All-compassionate.”
It is also made implicit in this verse:
Chapter 8:70:
“O Prophet, say to the captives (Note:people made slaves in war) in your hands:
1. “If God knows of any good in your hearts (Note:if you deserve it)
2.He will give you better than what has been taken from you
(Note:they had just been made slaves,their freedom had been taken away) ,
and He will forgive you; surely God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate.” ”
“You are taking it out of Context!”
That is the accusation made by Muslims and some on-Muslims.They mean to say is:
1.There is something in the Koran that limits the slavery passages to the 23 year career of Muhammad from 610-632.Muhammad died in 632.
2.Or something in the Islamic tradition and later writings.
Not according to Muhammad’s closest Companions
In reality there is nothing that limits it to Muhammad’s life.Slavery has been part of Islamic law for some 1300 years and the first 4 caliphs of Islam were friends and even relatives of Muhammad.
1.Abu Bekr:his father-in-law (ruled 632-634)
2.Omar (ruled 634-644,assasinated)
3.Othman (ruled 644-656-assasinated)
4.Ali:cousin and son-in-law (ruled 656-661,assasinated)
They all,as far as we can tell,approved of enslaving others.No documents regarding them say they ever thought slavery was a temporary institution,to gradually disappear.
To verify the Koranic citations go to quranbrowser.com, which has:
1.Six translations by Muslims.
2.Four translations by non-Muslims.
3.The text in Arabic,with Latin letters.
http://quranbrowser.com/
Sources
http://www.bornblackmag.com/
http://www.whenweruled.com/
http://thirdresurrection.
http://news.softpedia.com/
http://www.sciencemag.org/
https://openaccess.leidenuniv.
http://historyofislam.com/
http://www.pitt.edu/~scaglion/
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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