Bosnian Muslim Nazi Collaborators: God vs. Evil
By Carl Savich
Bosnian Muslim leaders were major Nazi collaborators
during World War II and the Holocaust. They were complicit in and participated
in the Ustasha genocide committed against Serbs, Jews, and Roma. They demanded
to be allies of Nazi Germany and formed two Nazi SS Divisions during the war.
The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin el Husseini, reviewing the Bosnian Muslim Nazi SS Division Handzar in November, 1943 in Neuhammer, Germany with SS Brigadefuehrer und Generalmajor der Waffen SS Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig, right, the commander of the division.
The Military Channel broadcast a documentary on
Tuesday, November 29, 2011 at 10PM as part of the Nazi Collaborators series,
“God vs. Evil”, on the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin el Husseini, and his
role during World War II in the formation of the Bosnian Muslim Nazi SS
Division Handzar or Handschar.
The Military Channel presented the controversial nature
of the role of the Mufti during World War II as follows: “At what point does
the desire to support your people become unacceptable? That is the huge issue
that confronts those who wish to judge Mohammad Amin Al-Husayni, the Grand
Mufti of Jerusalem, who recruited Bosnian Muslims to serve in the Waffen SS.”
The show described el Husseini as “the Grand Mufti of
Palestine” implying that this was the only way to describe him and that this
was his correct designation. All those who described him as “the Grand Mufti of
Jerusalem” were deemed wrong. This is inaccurate. Husseini was known as “the
Grand Mufti of Jerusalem” and that was his official designation. The Germans referred to him as “Der Grossmufti von Jerusalem”, for instance. He was also
known informally as “the Grand Mufti of Palestine” and was referred to by that
designation. The more common and accepted designation is “the Grand Mufti of
Jerusalem”. Either designation is
accurate.
The Grand Mufti meeting with Adolf Hitler in the Reich Chancellery in Berlin on November 28, 1941.
The Military Channel recounted his role as an artillery
officer in the Ottoman Turkish Army during World War II. Husseini was appointed
the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem by British High Commissioner for Palestine Sir Herbert
Samuel when his brother Kamil el Husseini died unexpectedly in March, 1921. The
November 2, 1917 Balfour Declaration was emphasized, a controversial decree issued by British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour that pledged
British support for the creation of a Jewish homeland in British-occupied Palestine, the so-called Mandate Palestine, a majority
Palestinian Arab territory at that time. The Palestinian Arabs were not even
recognized in the decree. The show emphasized the fact that he was an Arab
Muslim nationalist political leader who had little or no religious
qualifications. This ignores the fact, however, that in 1912 he studied Islamic
law at Al-Azhar University in Cairo and at the Dar al-Da’wa wa-l-Irshad, under salafi
scholar Rashid Rida. He came from a religious family and was expected and
groomed to be an Islamic religious leader. This is a moot and trivial point
that is absurdly magnified.
Abdulah Muhasilovic, the Bosnian Muslim Divisional Imam, shown in 1943 during training exercises for the Handzar Division in Neuhammer, Germany.
Husseini remained the Mufti of Jerusalem until 1937
when he was removed from that office by the British after he was accused of
instigating the Arab Revolt that began in 1936 and ended in 1939. There was an increase in Jewish settlement in Palestine in the 1930s which sparked renewed conflict. Subsequently he fled to Lebanon and then to Syria.
In 1941, the Mufti settled in Baghdad, Iraq where he organized
resistance against British forces, planning a coup to topple the pro-Allied government. Nazi Germany sent arms and aircraft to the
Mufti’s forces in Iraq but the British were able to reoccupy Iraq, forcing the
Mufti and Iraqi coup leader Rashid el Gailani to flee to Teheran. The Mufti then
flew to either Afghanistan or Turkey “where he is known to have many
friends”. From there he arrived in Albania and on October 24 he reached
southern Italy. On October 27, 1941, the Mufti arrived in Rome, where he met with Benito Mussolini, pledging support for the Axis. On November 6, the Mufti
arrived in Berlin. On November 28, he met with Hitler in the Reich Chancellery.
He was filmed being introduced to Hitler in a German newsreel.
The Grand Mufti with, from left, Ismet Muftic, the Mufti of Zagreb, Andrija Artukovic, the NDH Interior Minister, and Mile Budak, the NDH Education Minister, en route to Sarajevo, April 22, 1943, at the Zagreb airport.
The Military Channel episode “God vs. Evil” examined his role in the
Holocaust and his relations with Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler. “How could
a man of God put his faith in Adolf Hitler?” The sole focus was on the Mufti’s
role in the formation of the Bosnian Muslim Nazi SS Division Handzar in 1943.
The most glaring error of fact was the bald statement
that the Bosnian Muslim leaders had prohibited collaboration with the Nazis.
This is ridiculously and obviously untrue. The
statement was as follows: “But Muslim leaders in the region have strictly
forbidden collaboration with the Nazis.” This is an incorrect statement.
Some Bosnian Muslim leaders or clerics, or a faction,
did prohibit collaboration, but it was collaboration with the Croatian Ustasha
leaders that they were against. They were the “autonomists” and, ironically and
absurdly, they advocated or demanded collaboration with the Nazis, with Nazi
Germany! So this is a serious and major mistake or error of the show. This is a
significant flub. It implies that Bosnian Muslims opposed collaboration with
the Nazis and did not, in fact, collaborate with them. This is totally false.
On November 1, 1942, Uzeir-aga Hadzihasanovic, a
prominent member of the pre-war Yugoslavian Muslim Organization (JMO), Mustafa Softic,
the wartime mayor of Sarajevo, and Suljaga Salihagic of Banja Luka, wrote the
“Memorandum of the National Muslim Committee” which they sent to
Adolf Hitler requesting that Bosnian Muslims be made a part of the Nazi New
Order in Europe. In this memorandum, Adolf Hitler is referred to as “Our
dear leader”. The Bosnian Muslim leaders wanted Adolf Hitler to create a
Bosnian Muslim state. They wrote that Serbs and Croats had accused them of
being a Fifth Column that “desired and worked to ease the German destruction of
Yugoslavia.”
They made eight requests to Hitler. First, they
requested of Hitler that the area of operations of the Muslim “Bosnian
Legion” or Muslim Legion under the command of Major Muhamed Hadziefendic should be
increased. The Muslim Legion was a Bosnian Muslim military formation under Nazi
control. So even before Handzar was formed, the Bosnian Muslims already had a
Nazi formation in place, disproving The Military Channel claim that Bosnian
Muslim leaders had prohibited collaboration with the Nazis. The Bosnian Muslim
Legion would later form the core for the Handzar Division. They requested that The
Legion should be renamed the “Bosnian Guard”. Second, the Bosnian
Guard would include all Muslim military formations in Bosnia or the NDH
excluding Bosnian Muslim volunteers on the Eastern Front, such as those in the
369th Reinforced Infantry Regiment that was fighting at Stalingrad at that
time, and Bosnian Muslim troops in the Ustasha formations. The third request
was that the “Bosnian Guard” be supplied, armed and commanded by the
German Army. The fourth request was that the costs and expenses of the German measures
be taken from the revenue from Bosnian mines and forests. The fifth request was
that all Ustasha actions and units in Bosnia be controlled and accounted for.
The sixth request was that a distinct and separate Bosnian Muslim state would
be formed by Hitler within the NDH: “On this territory ‘Zupa Bosna’ would
be formed with its capital in Sarajevo. Its chief would be named exclusively by
Hitler”. The seventh request was that Hitler form a National Socialist or
Nazi Party in Zupa Bosna or the Bosnian Muslim state. The eighth request was
that Bosnia be given a warm water port on the Adriatic in Ploce. They wanted
control over southern Bosnia where Italian and Montenegrin forces were
dominant. Thus, a prominent Bosnian Muslim member of the Yugoslav Muslim Organization, Hadzihasanovic, the Bosnian Muslim mayor of Sarajevo in 1942, Softic, and a Bosnian Muslim political leader from Banja Luka, Salihagic, requested that
Bosnia be made a part of the Nazi New Order in Europe under the leadership of
Adolf Hitler. Moreover, the Reis-el-ulema, the Bosnian Muslim leader of the Muslim community in Bosnia, Hafiz Mohammed Pandza, supported close collaboration with Nazi germany. This clearly disproves the erroneous claim in The Military
Channel episode that Bosnian Muslim leaders had prohibited collaboration with
the Nazis. Indeed, it shows that Bosnian Muslim leaders had of their own free will chosen to be part of Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Order in Europe. In short,
Bosnian Muslim leaders were willing Nazi collaborators from the start.
The Bosnian Muslim leaders declared that Bosnia had to
achieve freedom and autonomy or independence which was denied by world Jewry,
English imperialism, Communism, and the Free Masons. Bosnian Muslim leaders
declared: “Bosniak-Muslims are a part of the 300-million Islamic nation
from the East, which can achieve its liberation only in the struggle against
English imperialism, world Jewry, Free Masons and Bolshevism, led by the German
people under the leadership of its Fuehrer.” The Bosnian Muslim leaders
emphasized that they were part of the larger Muslim world, or Muslim Caliphate.
They perceived themselves as being part of this larger Muslim global bloc. They
identified with a Muslim Caliphate, a global Muslim community, rather than with
Europe or with Slavs. Their identification was based on a religious basis,
Islam. They rejected their common ethnic identification with Serbs and Croats
as Slavs and saw their identity in religious terms, as Muslims.
Hafiz Mohammed Pandza, the Reis-el-ulema, the leader of
the Muslim community in Bosnia, was a prime advocate and recruiter for the Nazi
SS Division. The Grand Mufti did not
need to convince him or any of the other Bosnian Muslim religious or political
leaders to join the Nazi cause and war effort. It was, ironically, the Croatian
Ustasha regime that opposed the creation of a Muslim Nazi SS Division, not the
Bosnian Muslim leaders themselves. Indeed, the Bosnian Muslim leaders had
requested and demanded that they be made part of Nazi military forces.
Mustafa Softic, right, the Bosnian Muslim mayor of Sarajevo, 1942-1945, with Jure Francetic, center, Ushasha commander of the Black Legion (Crna Legija).
Mustafa Softic (1898-1990) was the wartime Bosnian
Muslim mayor of Sarajevo from 1942 to 1945. He was a graduate of the Shariat
Gymnasium or Sharia high school and worked as an administrator in a Waqf or Vakuf, a building or
property designated for Islamic religious or charitable use. In 1945, a
post-war Sarajevo Military Court tried and convicted him of collaborating with the
Nazis and sentenced him to 5 years in prison and confiscated his property. He served
seven and half months in prison. He settled in Kiseljak after his release.
The major and fatal flaw of “God vs. Evil” is that it
offers a totally inaccurate presentation on Bosnia. This is due to ignorance
and malice and laziness. The researches could have read the history of Bosnia
during World War II. But they did not. They merely offered a simplified and
erroneous picture of Bosnia. Moreover, this falsification is not by accident or
ignorance. In history, as in psychology, there are no such things as mistakes.
Ultimately, the goal or objective is to deceive and to falsify. It is a bit of
slight of hand and forgery that the producers are convinced they can get away
with.
Bosnian Muslim Vice-President of the Ustasha NDH and former President of the Yugoslav Muslim Organization (JMO), the largest and most important Muslim party in Yugoslavia before the war, Dzafer-beg Kulenovic, left, with Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig, the commander of the Bosnian Muslim Nazi Waffen SS Division Handzar, welcoming the arrival of the Division in northeastern Bosnia in 1944.
The Bosnian Muslim population was split into various
factions. There were the Bosnian Muslims that identified with the Croatian
Ustasha NDD state such as Vice-President Dzafer-beg Kulenovic and his brother
Osman Kulenovic. There were the Bosnian Muslim “autonomists” who wanted to
distance themselves from the NDH and who sought to establish autonomy for
Bosnian Muslims as a distinct political entity. Ironically, it was this group
that sought cooperation and “collaboration” with Nazi Germany. It was this
faction that opposed collaboration with the Ustasha. The Military Channel gets
this all wrong and mixes up the facts. It was this “autonomist” group that was
indeed most committed to collaboration with the Nazis. They personally wrote to
Adolf Hitler and requested that he make Muslim Bosnia a part of the Nazi New
Order in Europe. It was this group that organized the Nazi SS Division Handzar.
There was a Bosnian Muslim faction that supported the
Serbian guerrilla movement of Draza Mihailovich. There were Bosnian Muslim
troops in Chetnik forces. There were Bosnian Muslims who identified with
Croatian nationality who were part of the NDH regime and all aspects of the
military.
The episode ignored completely any references to Draza
Mihailovich and Chetnik guerrillas, although they played a key role in
Bosnia-Hercegovina, especially in eastern Bosnia.
The Military Channel stated that the Bosnian Muslim
Handzar SS Division did not participate in atrocities against Jews. But this is
misleading because the Jews of Bosnia and Croatia had by 1943-44 been rounded
up and sent to the concentration camps already. In short, there were no Jews
for the Handzar SS to liquidate. The Jews had already been dealt with. Bosnian and Croatian Jews had been interned and killed at either the Jasenovac concentration camp, the other NDH death camps, or the German concentration camps. The
Handzar Division, however, was implicated in massacres of Serbs. This fact
could explain the roots of the Bosnian civil of 1992-1995.
On March 12, 1944, the Handzar Division advanced into
the Bosut region to cross the Sava River. Spearhead F entered the Serbian
Orthodox village of Bela Crkva (White Church). In his diary entry for that day,
Jorg Deh, a German member of the Handar Division, reported that it found “the enemy gone,
having murdered all of the town’s inhabitants.” In fact, Spearhead J of
Task Force A.A. 13 of the Handzar Division was ordered to seize the town on
March 10. The German Waffen SS officers denied responsibility for the war crime
and act of genocide, blaming it on “the enemy”, meaning Communist
Partisan guerrillas. But there is no credible motive for claiming that Yugoslav
Communist Partisan guerrillas, composed mostly of Serbian troops themselves,
massacre their own. The only hostile units in the area were units of the
Bosnian Muslim Handzar SS Division. Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig, in his Operation
Signpost ( Unternehmen Wegweiser) orders, had written that “restraint was
only necessary in dealing with the local ethnic German population” because
the Bosut was “not inhabited by Muslims.” During Operation Sava
(Unternehmen Save), the Handzar Division crossed the Sava River in northern
Bosnia and occupied northeastern Bosnia. The Handzar Division was enthusiastically
greeted by the Bosnian Muslim Vice-President of the NDH, Dzafer-beg Kulenovic
when it entered Bosnia in 1944.
The Grand Mufti, second from right, on the balcony of the Bosnian Presidency Building in Sarajevo, with Bosnian Muslim leaders, April, 1943.
In April, 1943, the Grand Mufti came to Sarajevo, where
he was greeted by cheering crowds and where he was photographed on the balcony
of the presidency building with Bosnian Muslim leaders, to organize the
formation of the Muslim SS Division. He was photographed in front of a German Junkers
Ju 52 transport plane with the Mufti of Zagreb, Ismet Muftic, Andrija
Artukovic, and Mile Budak. In Sarajevo, Husseini met with prominent Bosnian
Muslim leaders Uzeiraga Hadzihasanovic and Hadzi-Mujaga Merhemic and spoke in
the Begova Djamija or Beg Mosque, exhorting Muslims to join the Waffen SS.
Bosnian Muslim muftis and imams, such as Mustafa and Halim Malkoc, harangued
Muslims in front of mosques to volunteer to join the proposed Muslim Waffen SS
Division.
The Military Channel ignored the Mufti’s connection to
Albanian Muslims. A Greater Pan-Islamic State was advocated by the Albanian
Bedri Pejani, the Muslim leader of the Albanian National Committee, who
presented a plan to the Grand Mufti calling for the extermination of the
Serbian population of Kosovo-Metohija and a union of Greater Albania,
consisting of Kosovo-Metohija, Western Macedonia, and southern Montenegro,
Bosnia-Hercegovina, and the Rashka (Sandzak) region of Serbia into a Greater
Islamic State, a Pan-Islamic State in the Balkans. The Grand Mufti approved the
Pejani plan as being in the interest of Islam, but the Germans rejected the
plan.
The show ignored the Mufti’s wider role in helping to recruit Muslims, not only in Europe, but in Asia, North Africa, and the Middle
East, into Axis forces. After meeting Hitler and Foreign Minister Joachim Von Ribbentrop
in Berlin in 1941, the Mufti was approached by Gottlob Berger, head of the SS
Main Office in control of recruiting, and by Reichsfuehrer-SS Heinrich Himmler,
who made him a part of the SS apparatus. In May, 1943, the Mufti was moved to
the SS main office where he participated in the recruiting of Muslims in the
Balkans, the USSR, the Middle East, and North Africa. The Grand Mufti was
instrumental in the organization and formation of many Muslim units and
formations in the Waffen SS and Wehrmacht. Hundreds of thousands of Muslims
fought for Nazi Germany in the following formations and units: Two Bosnian
Muslim Waffen SS Divisions, an Albanian Waffen SS Division in Kosovo-Metohija
and Western Macedonia, the 21st Waffen Gebirgs Division der SS
“Skanderbeg”, a Muslim SS self-defense regiment in the Rashka
(Sandzak) region of Serbia, the Arab Legion (Arabisches Freiheitskorps), the
Arab Brigade, the Ostmusselmanische SS-Regiment, the Ostturkischen Waffen
Verband der SS made up of Turkistanis, the Waffengruppe der-SS Krim, formations
consisting of Chechen Muslims from Chechnya, and a Tatar Regiment der-SS made
up of Crimean Tatars, and other Muslim formations in the Waffen SS and
Wehrmacht, in Bosnia-Hercegovina, the Balkans, North Africa, Nazi-occupied
areas of the Soviet Union, and the Middle East. The Mufti did not just help to
organize and form the Bosnian Muslim Nazi SS Division Handzar.
The episode ignored the role the Mufti played in organizing
Italian fascist support for the Bosnian Muslim autonomists. On October 15,
1942, Bosnian Muslim religious and political leaders sent a delegation from
Mostar to a meeting in Rome with the Grand Mufti and Benito Mussolini, who
sought to gain influence in the Muslim countries and who assumed the title of
“Protector of Islam”. The Bosnian Muslim delegation was made up of
the grand mufti of Mostar, Omer Dzabic, Ibrahim Fejic, Hadzi-Ahmed Karabeg, and
Oman Sehic. The goal of the delegation was to convince Mussolini to sponsor a
Fascist Protectorate for Bosnia-Hercegovina, an Italian-sponsored Greater
Islamic State, like the Greater Albania made up of Kosovo and Western
Macedonia, which Italy did sponsor. A Fascist Protectorate for Bosnia, however,
was not created. But Heinrich Himmler did seek to create a Bosnian Muslim
Protectorate under Nazi sponsorship in Eastern Bosnia, the majority Serbian
area of Bosnia.
The show lost an opportunity to present the roots to
the Srebrenica conflict. One of the areas occupied by the Nazi SS Division
Handzar was Srebrenica in eastern Bosnia, a Serbian majority region. The
Handzar and Kama Divisions, stationed in the Bosnian towns of Brcko, Bijeljina,
Tuzla, Gradacac, and Zvornik, engaged in a policy termed by the Nazis as
“pacification” of the population, which consisted of genocide and
ethnic cleansing of Serbs and Jews in eastern and northern Bosnia. Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig,
the commander of the Bosnian Muslim Nazi SS Handzar Division, wrote that the
objective of Handzar was as follows: “The division is to liberate Bosnia.
The Muslim population is bound to this land.” The Muslim SS Divisions
followed a policy of ethnic cleansing (ciscenje, “cleansing”, in Serbian-Croatian-Bosnian),
“cleansing the land of bandits and ethnic enemies” from a directive
for the divisions. In the Brcko and Bijeljina regions of northern and eastern
Bosnia, units of the Handzar Division “butchered everyone not wearing a
fez” (“klali su sve sto nije nosilo fes”) based on eyewitness
accounts. The Muslim Waffen SS troops, raped, pillaged, and massacred Orthodox
Serbs and Jews without regard for age or sex. The Divisions were exhorted in
their 1944 directives to “exterminate enemies, exterminate the community,
but leave intact the houses, land and effects of the enemies.” Unarmed
Serbs and Jews, not murdered in the first great wave of genocide, were
massacred and ethnically cleansed in Rogatica, Vlasenica, Srebrenica, and
Visegrad. Ethnically pure Muslim settlements were created (“cistih
narodnih naselja” in Serbian-Croatian-Bosnian, from a 1944 report) cleansed of Orthodox Serbs.
The two Muslim SS Divisions were assisted in their
“pacification” program by the Nazi formation, Zeleni Kadar
(“Green Cadres” in Serbian-Croatian-Bosnian), consisting of at least
6, 000 Bosnian Muslim deserters from the Ustasha Domobranci. The Zeleni Kadar
was led by Neshad Topcic, a rabidly pro-Nazi Muslim who advocated the
extermination of the Serbian population of Bosnia-Hercegovina. Topcic advocated
the creation of a “united Muslim phalange” or phalanx organized
against Orthodox Serbs, Orthodox Macedonians, Jews, and Roma, consisting of a
union of Bosnia, Albanian, and Rashka (Sandzak) Muslims, forming a Great or
Greater Islamic union, a Greater Pan-Muslim alliance.
The Military Channel whitewashes and distorts the Mufti’s role in war crimes. The Mufti was placed on the United Nations list of war criminals and was indicted for war crimes by Yugoslavia in July, 1945. In a July 20, 1945 article in the Jewish Telegraphic Agency, “Ex-mufti of Jerusalem Placed on War Criminals List; Indicted by Yugoslav Government”, it was reported:
“Washington, Jul. 19 (JTA) – Hadj Amin el-Husseini, former Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, has been officially placed on the war criminals list of the United Nations, the Hebrew Committee for National Liberation reported today.
The committee, which sent a memorandum to the United Nations War Crimes Commission and several European governments, last April, asking indictment of the ex-Mufti, made public a cable from Sava Kosanovich, Minister of the Interior and Information in the Yugoslav Government, declaring that ‘Mufti Hadj Amin el-Husseini put by Yugoslavia on list of war criminals.’”
The UN was presented with a prima facie case on his alleged war crimes and he was placed on the war crimes list. But he was never tried as a war criminal but was allowed to escape by both Britain and France because they wanted to curry favor with Arab and Muslim countries in the Middle East and to preserve their colonial possessions amd dominance there. The Mufti was allowed to escape prosecution for war crimes and to settle in Beirut, Lebanon, where he lived in exile until his death in 1974.
“God vs. Evil” totally mischaracterizes and falsifies
the role of Bosnian Muslim leaders during World War II and the Holocaust. The
picture they present of Bosnia is fake and phony, in fact, a lie. This
manipulation and falsification of history is undoubtedly motivated by an
attempt to justify U.S. and Western support for the Bosnian Muslim faction
during the 1992-1995 civil war. The
ridiculous and preposterous fiction is created that Bosnian Muslim leaders
prohibited collaboration with the Nazis and that it was only the Grand Mufti of
Jerusalem who convinced them to form two Nazi SS Divisions. This ignores the
facts and the real history and imposes a fictional and delusional construct, a
phony history of Bosnia. The goal of the program is to suppress and to cover-up
the actual history of Bosnia during World War II. Was it merely a “mistake”?
The evidence is readily available. Anyone who wanted to could look up the
actual history of Bosnia. This is a willful and conscious act of falsification
and distortion with a hidden political agenda. The goal is to exonerate U.S.
support and sponsorship of the Bosnian Muslim faction by falsifying the facts.
Thus, the program does not lead to knowledge or understanding, but to deception
and obfuscation. It is mindless entertainment. It is fake. It is phony history.
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Lepre, George. Himmler’s Bosnian Division: The
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War 1939-1945. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1966.
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